There is no accommodation inside the park, and no camping is permitted within the park boundaries.
Accommodation from 5-star to camping is available in at the resort village of Yulara, just outside the park boundary. See that article for details.
About an hour short of Yulara coming from Alice Springs is Curtin Springs Station (http://www.curtinsprings.com), which offers free unpowered camping, and $25 per night for powered sites. They charge $2.50 for a shower. You can "bush camp", but it's not recommended.
If you are interested in Aboriginal culture, consider staying at Mt Ebenezer. It's 200km to Uluru from here, so you won't see sunrise, but it's good for a night's stop if you are late getting away from Alice or Uluru. Whilst the accommodation is relatively basic, it is one of only a few Aboriginal owned roadhouses in the Territory. Go out the back and you will see an art room for members of the local Imampa Community, and you can buy art directly from the artists. Don't be put off by not being served by an Aboriginal person, this is due to their culture, but rest assured it is owned by the local community.
